Gynecologic oncology refers to the cancers of the female reproductive system, including ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, and vulvar cancer. Gynecologic cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women, affecting approximately 1 in 20 women.

Certain tests help find specific types of cancer before signs or symptoms appear. This is called screening. The main goals of cancer screening are to:

• Reduce the number of people who die from the disease, or prevent deaths from cancer altogether.
• Reduce the number of people who develop the disease.